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Adobe Acrobat

What is a bill of sale and how to write one?

Learn how to write a bill of sale, why you need one and how you can create a template to use for all future transactions.

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Business owner making a bill of sale on their laptop
A bill of sale records the transfer of ownership of an asset. Most states require bills of sale for transfers of vehicles or large animals like horses and cattle. Requirements vary by state, so it’s important to check the state laws where you live. For example, to register a vehicle with the Department of Motor Vehicles in New York, you must provide the signed title and a bill of sale to prove your ownership. The California DMV requires the title for registration but requires a bill of sale only if the seller is not the owner listed on the title.

What is a bill of sale?

A bill of sale is a legal document that proves a transfer of ownership from a seller to a buyer. Most often used for motor vehicles even though it differs from a title watercraft, aircraft or other items of significant value, a bill of sale records the transfer of any piece of property. It should include a description of the sold item, the date and location of the transaction and the amount paid from buyer to seller, as well as the names, street addresses and signatures of the buyer and seller. A completed bill of sale gives the buyer proof that they are the sole owner of the property and it frees the seller from liability after the transaction.

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How to write a bill of sale

A bill of sale can range from very simple to highly detailed, depending on the nature of the transaction. For instance, a standard retail purchase receipt qualifies as a bill of sale, as it outlines the specific goods sold to the buyer and the agreed-upon price paid for each item.

For transactions involving high-value assets, such as a vehicle, it is crucial to ensure the bill of sale is accurately completed and secured at the time of the sale.

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Here are the steps on how to write a simple bill of sale:
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1. Include Seller's name and address - this is the party that releases the asset.


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2. Include Buyer's name and address - this is the party that takes possession of the asset.


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3. Mark the date of the sale - the date that the ownership of the asset has occurred.


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4. Describe the item - include a detailed item description. If you are writing a bill of sale for a car, then make sure to include the vehicle identification number (VIN), serial number, milometer reading, body type or other identifying information.


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5. Include a guarantee that the item is free from other claims of ownership (and, in the case of animals, that they have received necessary vaccinations and immunisations).


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6. State the price - this is the sale price of the item. Some bills of sale include applicable taxes here.


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7. Add signatures - every bill of sale should include the buyer’s signature, the seller's signature and the notary’s signature or stamp (if required). In-person signatures are always valid, but if you're looking for an online process, here's how to sign a PDF electronically and get all signatures faster.


Sample bill of sale on a tablet, mobile phone and laptop

4 types of bills of sale.

Bills of sale come in various types, each tailored to specific transactions. A general bill of sale is used for everyday items, while a vehicle bill of sale documents the transfer of ownership for automobiles. Specialised bills of sale, such as those for boats or livestock, include unique identifiers relevant to the asset. In contrast, absolute bills of sale confirm outright ownership transfer, while conditional bills of sale are tied to terms like loan repayment or performance of an obligation.

1. Absolute

An absolute bill of sale describes a complete property transfer with no restrictions or payments following the sale. This type of document is logical if a property is being sold “as is.” The seller has no responsibility once the sale is complete.

2. Conditional

Use a conditional bill of sale when you’re transferring property as security for a loan or if the buyer and seller must meet specific criteria to complete the sale.In the case of a loan, the transfer is dependant or conditional, upon the debtor’s repaying the loan.

3. Quitclaim

If the seller doesn’t have a title or other documentation proving ownership, they might use a quitclaim bill of sale. This document makes no guarantees about the seller’s claim to the property but transfers whatever claim the seller has to the new owner. If there’s a lien on the property, this will pass from seller to buyer.

4. Bill of sale with warranty

This is a standard bill of sale but with additional protection for the buyer against any future claims to the property. The seller guarantees that they own the property and have the right to sell it.

Bill of Sale FAQs

How do I create an electronic bill of sale?

Once you've checked any relevant legal requirements, you can typically put together a bill of sale with Adobe Acrobat in a few minutes by creating a form and adding fields for signatures, the date, signer name or initials, email address, and more. You can then send the form by email for the other party's signature.

You can usually make changes after sending if needed, and you can be notified once the other party has completed the agreement, on most devices.

If you already have a signed paper bill of sale, you can digitise it using the Adobe Scan app on your mobile device. Simply take a photo of the document and the app will convert it into a PDF, which you can then upload to Acrobat for record-keeping.

Who keeps the bill of sale?
Adobe's online PDF editor can let you make basic edits, add comments, fill in forms and organise PDF documents online, though some tools may require sign-in or a paid plan. For more advanced features such as conversion, compression and password protection, an Acrobat Pro subscription typically provides a more comprehensive set of tools. Password protection can help add a layer of security to a file, but it isn't a substitute for your organisation's own data-handling policies for sensitive documents.
Are there any limitations to Adobe's free PDF editor?
Both the buyer and seller should usually keep a copy of the bill of sale for their records. The document can help support both parties should any disagreement arise in future. Typically, the buyer retains the original, while the seller keeps a copy.
What is an "as is" bill of sale?
An 'as is' bill of sale is generally another name for an absolute bill of sale. It typically describes a complete transfer of property or an item with no restrictions or ongoing payments, documenting the sale of the item in its current condition with no warranties or guarantees. Exact requirements can vary by location and transaction type, so it's worth seeking independent legal advice for specific documents.
What is the point of a bill of sale?
A bill of sale sits somewhere between a contract and a record of title or ownership transfer. It's often a simpler way to document a transaction than drafting a full contract, while still helping protect both parties. Its exact contents can depend on the type of asset, so a vehicle bill of sale typically looks different from one for real estate.
What is the difference between an absolute and conditional bill of sale?
An absolute bill of sale typically documents and finalises the complete, immediate transfer of ownership, with no restrictions or ongoing obligations for either party. A conditional bill of sale, on the other hand, includes obligations and conditions, making the sale's validity dependent on meeting those conditions — for example, paying in instalments or securing a loan.
How does a bill of sale differ from a sales contract?
A bill of sale is generally a final, unconditional receipt confirming that an item has changed ownership, issued after a sale has taken place. A sales contract, meanwhile, is more of a roadmap — it typically outlines the terms, conditions and relevant promises regarding a sale before it happens.
Are bills of sale legally required in all countries?
Requirements vary by country and transaction type, so bills of sale aren't legally required everywhere. In the UK, for example, they're generally not required for every private purchase or sale, but they can serve as useful evidence of a transaction in certain situations, such as when high-value property changes hands. Because requirements can differ, it's worth checking what applies to your specific situation or seeking independent legal advice.
Can a bill of sale be handwritten, or does it need to be typed?
You can generally handwrite a bill of sale, as long as it's fully legible and includes all the necessary transaction details, and it's signed by all parties involved in the sale. Typing it up digitally can help with clear formatting, but it isn't usually required.
How can I verify the authenticity of a bill of sale?
You can help verify the authenticity of a bill of sale by checking key details and cross-referencing information — for example, checking that the signatures look legitimate, contacting both parties using the details provided, and confirming that the item's description or ID number matches other official documents.
Are there templates available for creating a bill of sale?
Adobe doesn't offer dedicated bill of sale templates, but you can search the Adobe Express template library for invoice and document templates to adapt. Once you've edited and downloaded your document, you can use Adobe Acrobat to convert it into a shareable, signable PDF so all parties can access and keep a copy for their records.

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